资讯

精准传达 • 有效沟通

从品牌网站建设到网络营销策划,从策略到执行的一站式服务

在Java项目中实现多线程并发编程的方法

在Java项目中实现多线程并发编程的方法?很多新手对此不是很清楚,为了帮助大家解决这个难题,下面小编将为大家详细讲解,有这方面需求的人可以来学习下,希望你能有所收获。

成都创新互联公司始终坚持【策划先行,效果至上】的经营理念,通过多达10余年累计超上千家客户的网站建设总结了一套系统有效的全网营销推广解决方案,现已广泛运用于各行各业的客户,其中包括:成都iso认证等企业,备受客户表扬。

Java 中的锁通常分为两种:

通过关键字 synchronized 获取的锁,我们称为同步锁,上一篇有介绍到:Java 多线程并发编程 Synchronized 关键字。
java.util.concurrent(JUC)包里的锁,如通过继承接口 Lock 而实现的 ReentrantLock(互斥锁),继承 ReadWriteLock 实现的 ReentrantReadWriteLock(读写锁)。
本篇主要介绍 ReentrantLock(互斥锁)。

ReentrantLock(互斥锁)

ReentrantLock 互斥锁,在同一时间只能被一个线程所占有,在被持有后并未释放之前,其他线程若想获得该锁只能等待或放弃。

ReentrantLock 互斥锁是可重入锁,即某一线程可多次获得该锁。

公平锁 and 非公平锁

public ReentrantLock() {
    sync = new NonfairSync();
  }

  public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
    sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
  }

由 ReentrantLock 的构造函数可见,在实例化 ReentrantLock 的时候我们可以选择实例化一个公平锁或非公平锁,而默认会构造一个非公平锁。

公平锁与非公平锁区别在于竞争锁时的有序与否。公平锁可确保有序性(FIFO 队列),非公平锁不能确保有序性(即使也有 FIFO 队列)。

然而,公平是要付出代价的,公平锁比非公平锁要耗性能,所以在非必须确保公平的条件下,一般使用非公平锁可提高吞吐率。所以 ReentrantLock 默认的构造函数也是“不公平”的。

一般使用

DEMO1:

public class Test {

  private static class Counter {

    private ReentrantLock mReentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void count() {
      mReentrantLock.lock();
      try {
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", i = " + i);
        }
      } finally {
	      // 必须在 finally 释放锁
        mReentrantLock.unlock();
      }
    }
  }

  private static class MyThread extends Thread {

    private Counter mCounter;

    public MyThread(Counter counter) {
      mCounter = counter;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
      super.run();
      mCounter.count();
    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] var0) {
    Counter counter = new Counter();
    // 注:myThread1 和 myThread2 是调用同一个对象 counter
    MyThread myThread1 = new MyThread(counter);
    MyThread myThread2 = new MyThread(counter);
    myThread1.start();
    myThread2.start();
  }
}

DEMO1 输出:

Thread-0, i = 0
Thread-0, i = 1
Thread-0, i = 2
Thread-0, i = 3
Thread-0, i = 4
Thread-0, i = 5
Thread-1, i = 0
Thread-1, i = 1
Thread-1, i = 2
Thread-1, i = 3
Thread-1, i = 4
Thread-1, i = 5

DEMO1 仅使用了 ReentrantLock 的 lock 和 unlock 来提现一般锁的特性,确保线程的有序执行。此种场景 synchronized 也适用。

锁的作用域

DEMO2:

public class Test {

  private static class Counter {

    private ReentrantLock mReentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void count() {
      for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
        mReentrantLock.lock();
        // 模拟耗时,突出线程是否阻塞
        try{
          Thread.sleep(100);
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", i = " + i);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
	        // 必须在 finally 释放锁
          mReentrantLock.unlock();
        }
      }
    }

    public void doOtherThing(){
      for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
        // 模拟耗时,突出线程是否阻塞
        try {
          Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doOtherThing, i = " + i);
      }
    }
  }
  
  public static void main(String[] var0) {
    final Counter counter = new Counter();
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        counter.count();
      }
    }).start();
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        counter.doOtherThing();
      }
    }).start();
  }
}

DEMO2 输出:

Thread-0, i = 0
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 0
Thread-0, i = 1
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 1
Thread-0, i = 2
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 2
Thread-0, i = 3
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 3
Thread-0, i = 4
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 4
Thread-0, i = 5
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 5

DEMO3:

public class Test {

  private static class Counter {

    private ReentrantLock mReentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void count() {
      for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
        mReentrantLock.lock();
        // 模拟耗时,突出线程是否阻塞
        try{
          Thread.sleep(100);
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", i = " + i);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
          // 必须在 finally 释放锁
          mReentrantLock.unlock();
        }
      }
    }

    public void doOtherThing(){
      mReentrantLock.lock();
      try{
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
          // 模拟耗时,突出线程是否阻塞
          try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
          } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
          }
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doOtherThing, i = " + i);
        }
      }finally {
        mReentrantLock.unlock();
      }

    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] var0) {
    final Counter counter = new Counter();
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        counter.count();
      }
    }).start();
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        counter.doOtherThing();
      }
    }).start();
  }
}

DEMO3 输出:

Thread-0, i = 0
Thread-0, i = 1
Thread-0, i = 2
Thread-0, i = 3
Thread-0, i = 4
Thread-0, i = 5
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 0
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 1
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 2
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 3
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 4
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 5

结合 DEMO2 和 DEMO3 输出可见,锁的作用域在于 mReentrantLock,因为所来自于 mReentrantLock。

可终止等待

DEMO4:

public class Test {

  static final int TIMEOUT = 300;

  private static class Counter {

    private ReentrantLock mReentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void count() {
      try{
        //lock() 不可中断
        mReentrantLock.lock();
        // 模拟耗时,突出线程是否阻塞
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
          long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
          while (true) {
            if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > 100)
              break;
          }
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", i = " + i);
        }
      } finally {
        // 必须在 finally 释放锁
        mReentrantLock.unlock();
      }
    }

    public void doOtherThing(){
      try{
        //lockInterruptibly() 可中断,若线程没有中断,则获取锁
        mReentrantLock.lockInterruptibly();
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
          // 模拟耗时,突出线程是否阻塞
          long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
          while (true) {
            if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > 100)
              break;
          }
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doOtherThing, i = " + i);
        }
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 中断 ");
      }finally {
        // 若当前线程持有锁,则释放
        if(mReentrantLock.isHeldByCurrentThread()){
          mReentrantLock.unlock();
        }
      }
    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] var0) {
    final Counter counter = new Counter();
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        counter.count();
      }
    }).start();
    Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        counter.doOtherThing();
      }
    });
    thread2.start();
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    while (true){
      if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > TIMEOUT) {
        // 若线程还在运行,尝试中断
        if(thread2.isAlive()){
          System.out.println(" 不等了,尝试中断 ");
          thread2.interrupt();
        }
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}

DEMO4 输出:

Thread-0, i = 0
Thread-0, i = 1
Thread-0, i = 2
不等了,尝试中断
Thread-1 中断
Thread-0, i = 3
Thread-0, i = 4
Thread-0, i = 5

线程 thread2 等待 300ms 后 timeout,中断等待成功。

若把 TIMEOUT 改成 3000ms,输出结果:(正常运行)

Thread-0, i = 0
Thread-0, i = 1
Thread-0, i = 2
Thread-0, i = 3
Thread-0, i = 4
Thread-0, i = 5
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 0
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 1
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 2
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 3
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 4
Thread-1 doOtherThing, i = 5

定时锁

DEMO5:

public class Test {

  static final int TIMEOUT = 3000;

  private static class Counter {

    private ReentrantLock mReentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void count() {
      try{
        //lock() 不可中断
        mReentrantLock.lock();
        // 模拟耗时,突出线程是否阻塞
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
          long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
          while (true) {
            if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > 100)
              break;
          }
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", i = " + i);
        }
      } finally {
        // 必须在 finally 释放锁
        mReentrantLock.unlock();
      }
    }

    public void doOtherThing(){
      try{
        //tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) 尝试获得锁
        boolean isLock = mReentrantLock.tryLock(300, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " isLock:" + isLock);
        if(isLock){
          for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            // 模拟耗时,突出线程是否阻塞
            long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            while (true) {
              if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > 100)
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " doOtherThing, i = " + i);
          }
        }else{
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " timeout");
        }
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 中断 ");
      }finally {
        // 若当前线程持有锁,则释放
        if(mReentrantLock.isHeldByCurrentThread()){
          mReentrantLock.unlock();
        }
      }
    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] var0) {
    final Counter counter = new Counter();
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        counter.count();
      }
    }).start();
    Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        counter.doOtherThing();
      }
    });
    thread2.start();
  }
}

DEMO5 输出:

Thread-0, i = 0
Thread-0, i = 1
Thread-0, i = 2
Thread-1 isLock:false
Thread-1 timeout
Thread-0, i = 3
Thread-0, i = 4
Thread-0, i = 5

tryLock() 尝试获得锁,tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) 在给定的 timeout 时间内尝试获得锁,若超时,则不带锁往下走,所以必须加以判断。

ReentrantLock or synchronized

ReentrantLock 、synchronized 之间如何选择?

ReentrantLock 在性能上 比 synchronized 更胜一筹。

ReentrantLock 需格外小心,因为需要显式释放锁,lock() 后记得 unlock(),而且必须在 finally 里面,否则容易造成死锁。
synchronized 隐式自动释放锁,使用方便。

ReentrantLock 扩展性好,可中断锁,定时锁,自由控制。
synchronized 一但进入阻塞等待,则无法中断等待。

看完上述内容是否对您有帮助呢?如果还想对相关知识有进一步的了解或阅读更多相关文章,请关注创新互联行业资讯频道,感谢您对创新互联的支持。


标题名称:在Java项目中实现多线程并发编程的方法
转载注明:http://www.cdkjz.cn/article/pieoog.html
多年建站经验

多一份参考,总有益处

联系快上网,免费获得专属《策划方案》及报价

咨询相关问题或预约面谈,可以通过以下方式与我们联系

大客户专线   成都:13518219792   座机:028-86922220