Oracle
中的12C新特性-容器数据库
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---12.1.0.2_GI_RAC_Create_CDB_Blog
一、
安装前的准备
安装两个节点的 12.1.0.2 GI/RAC ，创建 CDB 数据库。
1.
关闭 SELINUX
vim /etc/selinux/config
* Change the SELINUX value to "SELINUX=disabled".
另外，关闭OS iptable等服务
service NetworkManager stop
service iptables stop
chkconfig NetworkManager off
chkconfig iptables off
2.
网络IP配置（HOSTS文件）
cat /etc/hosts
# vastdata11
192.168.56.11 vastdata11.us.oracle.com vastdata11
192.168.56.21 vastdata11-vip.us.oracle.com vastdata11-vip
10.0.0.2 vastdata11-priv1.us.oracle.com vastdata11-priv1
10.0.0.3 vastdata11-priv2.us.oracle.com vastdata11-priv2
# vastdata12
192.168.56.12 vastdata12.us.oracle.com vastdata12
192.168.56.22 vastdata12-vip.us.oracle.com vastdata12-vip
10.0.0.4 vastdata12-priv1.us.oracle.com vastdata12-priv1
10.0.0.5 vastdata12-priv2.us.oracle.com vastdata12-priv2
# rac-scan
192.168.56.33 vastdata-scan.us.oracle.com vastdata-scan
192.168.56.34 vastdata-scan.us.oracle.com vastdata-scan
192.168.56.35 vastdata-scan.us.oracle.com vastdata-scan
3.
安装OS系统RPM包
Oracle Linux 6 and Red Hat Linux 6 需要安装下面系统RPM包， 其他OS版本请参考在线文档：
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CWLIN/prelinux.htm#CEGCECCC
配置YUM源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
cat yum.repo
[oel6]
name=OEL6.5
baseurl=file:///media/OL6.5\ x86_64\ Disc\ 1\ 20131125
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
安装RPM包
yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 iptraf gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc elfutils-libelf-devel compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 libaio-devel ksh libgcc libstdc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libaio libaio-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel -y
yum install binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 compat-libcap1-1.10-1 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686 gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686 ksh libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686 libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686 libXext-1.1 libXext-1.1 libXtst-1.0.99.2 libXtst-1.0.99.2 libX11-1.3 libX11-1.3 libXau-1.0.5 libXau-1.0.5 libxcb-1.5 libxcb-1.5 libXi-1.3 libXi-1.3 make-3.81-19.el6 sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 nfs-utils-1.2.3-15.0.1 -y
4.
Ulimit
资源设置
设置/etc/security/limits.conf，详细参考在线文档：
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/usr_grps.htm#LADBI7674
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 10240
5.
添加用户组
groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54328 asmadmin
groupadd -g 54325 asmdba
useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba grid
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
echo "grid" | passwd --stdin grid
6.
创建目录结构
--创建 GRID_BASE
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
--创建 GRID_HOME
mkdir -p /u01/12.1.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01/
chmod -R 775 /u01/12.1.0/grid
--创建 ORACLE_BASE
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/
7.
配置oracle、grid用户环境变量
GRID环境变量
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=vastdata11.us.oracle.com
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/12.1.0/grid
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss"
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
umask 022
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE环境变量
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=vastdata11.us.oracle.com
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=PROD
export ORACLE_SID=PROD1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss"
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
umask 022
8.
private-
配置私网
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth3
DEVICE=eth3
IPADDR=10.0.0.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
TYPE=Ethernet
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
9.
绑定网卡-Bond
1)
加载bond功能
modprobe --first-time bonding
lsmod | grep bonding
2)
配置网卡文件
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
DEVICE=bond0
TYPE=Bond
IPADDR=192.168.56.11
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
BONDING_MASTER=yes
BONDING_OPTS="mode=0 miimon=100"
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
USERCTL=no
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2
DEVICE=eth2
USERCTL=no
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
vim /etc/modprobe.d/dist.conf
alias bond0 bonding
options bonding miimon=100 mode=0
3)
重启网卡服务
service network restart
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
ifconfig
10.
配置解析服务器
1)
主域名解析服务器
yum install bind bind-chroot -y
cp -p /etc/named.conf /etc/named.conf.bak
vim /etc/named.conf
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; };
directory "/var/named";
allow-query { any; };
allow-query-cache { any; };
recursion no;
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "us.oracle.com" IN {
type master;
file "us.oracle.com.zone";
};
zone "56.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "192.168.56.local";
};
cd /var/named/
cp -p named.localhost us.oracle.com.zone
cp -p us.oracle.com.zone 192.168.56.local
vim /var/named/us.oracle.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA vastdata11.us.oracle.com. root.us.oracle.com. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS dns.us.oracle.com.
vastdata11 A 192.168.56.11
vastdata12 A 192.168.56.12
vastdata-scan A 192.168.56.33
vastdata-scan A 192.168.56.34
vastdata-scan A 192.168.56.35
dns A 192.168.56.44
vastdata11-vip A 192.168.56.21
vastdata12-vip A 192.168.56.22
vastdata11-priv1 A 10.0.0.2
vastdata11-priv2 A 10.0.0.3
vastdata12-priv1 A 10.0.0.4
vastdata12-priv2 A 10.0.0.5
vim /var/named/192.168.56.local
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA vastdata11.us.oracle.com. root.us.oracle.com. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
IN NS dns.us.oracle.com.
11 IN PTR vastdata11.us.oracle.com.
12 IN PTR vastdata12.us.oracle.com.
33 IN PTR vastdata-scan.us.oracle.com.
34 IN PTR vastdata-scan.us.oracle.com.
35 IN PTR vastdata-scan.us.oracle.com.
44 IN PTR dns
21 IN PTR vastdata11-vip.us.oracle.com.
22 IN PTR vastdata12-vip.us.oracle.com.
service network restart
service named restart
chkconfig named on
chkconfig named --list
-----------------------------------------------
nslookup vastdata-scan.us.oracle.com
2)
从域名解析服务器
cd /etc/
vim named.conf
options {
directory "/var/named";
allow-query { any; };
recursion no;
};
zone "us.oracle.com" IN {
type slave;
file "slave/us.oracle.com.zone";
masters { 192.168.56.11; };
allow-transfer { none; };
};
zone "56.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type slave;
file "slave/192.168.56.rev";
masters { 192.168.56.11; };
};
CLIENT DNS配置
vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.56.11
service named restart
nslookup vastdata-scan.us.oracle.com
11.
配置 ASM Disk
第一种：使用 udev
第二种：使用 asmlib
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--首先OS层面配置disk
fdisk /dev/sdb
--配置后的disk信息：
ls -l /dev/sd*
--标记新加卷组
vim 1.sh
for i in b c d ;
do
echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\", BUS==\"scsi\", PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/\$name\", RESULT==\"`/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i`\", NAME=\"asm-disk$i\", OWNER=\"grid\", GROUP=\"asmadmin\", MODE=\"0660\"" >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
done
chmod +x 1.sh
./1.sh
cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
start_udev
ls -al /dev/asm-disk*
12.
配置互信
（root、grid、oracle，这三个用户都需要配置互信，以及与自己配置互信）
ssh-keygen -t rsa
cd /root/.ssh/
cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
service sshd restart
13.
时间同步功能
在主DNS服务器重启后则变成active，否则就是观望者（observer）
关闭两台机器的时间同步功能：
rm -rf /etc/ntp.conf
rm -rf /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
14.
CVU
检查
运行 CVU 检查系统配置是否满足条件，在运行 CVU 之前需要手动配置 SSH
./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n vastdata11,vastdata12 -fixup -verbose
二、
安装配置集群 GRID
1.
运行OUI
1)
运行 runInstaller
export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:1.0
xhost +
2)
选择安装集群
3)
配置标准集群
4)
高级安装
5)
选择语言
6)
配置集群名和 SCAN
7)
选择节点信息
8)
配置测试 SSH
9)
配置网卡
10)
选择标准 ASM 存储
11)
创建 diskgroup
12)
ASM Password
13)
配置失败隔离
14)
配置 EM
15)
配置 OS group
16)
配置GI安装目录和数据目录，以及oraInventory目录
17)
选择 root 脚本自动运行，如果不选择，那么按照 12c 之前的方法手动运行 root.sh
18)
前提检查
执行修复脚本
再次检查
忽略可ignore的warning
19)
总结
20)
开始安装，提示自动运行 root.sh 脚本
21)
继续配置集群
2.
资源状态
[grid@vastdata11 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 Started,STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 Started,STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 169.254.62.144 10.0.
0.2 10.0.0.2,STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 Open,STABLE
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.scan2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.scan3.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.vastdata11.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.vastdata12.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[grid@vastdata11 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 Started,STABLE
ora.cluster_interconnect.haip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.crf
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.crsd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.cssdmonitor
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.ctssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 ACTIVE:0,STABLE
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.drivers.acfs
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.gipcd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.gpnpd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.mdnsd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.storage
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[grid@vastdata12 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 Started,STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 Started,STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 169.254.62.144 10.0.
0.2 10.0.0.2,STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 Open,STABLE
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.scan2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.scan3.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.vastdata11.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.vastdata12.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[grid@vastdata12 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 Started,STABLE
ora.cluster_interconnect.haip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.crf
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.crsd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.cssdmonitor
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.ctssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 ACTIVE:0,STABLE
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.drivers.acfs
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.gipcd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.gpnpd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.mdnsd
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.storage
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
三、
安装/创建 Database
1.
运行 OUI/runInstaller
1)
运行 runInstaller
2)
忽略 update 配置
3)
只安装软件
4)
选择安装 RAC 数据库
5)
选择 RAC 节点
6)
选择语言
7)
选择版本
8)
选择 ORACLE_HOME
9)
配置 OS 组
10)
前提检查
11)
总结
12)
开始安装，并执行root.sh脚本
2.
ASMCA创建磁盘组
3.
DBCA 建库(CDB)
1)
运行 dbca
2)
创建数据库
3)
高级安装
4)
选择数据库类型是 RAC 类型，
配置类型是 Admin-Managed
5)
设置数据库名，并且选择创建
Container database
6)
选择节点
7)
OEM 和 CVU 配置
8)
密码设置
9)
选择 ASM 存储
10)
在 CDB 数据库类型中，
默认所有组件都选择
11)
其他配置选项
12)
内存和字符集配置
13)
创建选项
14)
前提检查
15)
总结
16)
开始安装
4.
资源检查
[grid@vastdata12 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.FRA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 Started,STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 Started,STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
1 ONLINE OFFLINE 169.254.67.242 10.0.
0.4,STABLE
ora.cdb.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 Open,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 Open,STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
1 ONLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
ora.scan2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.scan3.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.vastdata11.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata11 STABLE
ora.vastdata12.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[grid@vastdata12 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE vastdata12 &n
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