C# 中SharpMap如何使用，针对这个问题，这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答，希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。
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什么是SharpMap ?
SharpMap是一个基于.net 2.0使用C#开发的Map渲染类库，可以渲染各类GIS数据（目前支持ESRI Shape和PostGIS格式），可应用于桌面和Web程序。代码行数近10000行，可以算是一个实现了最基本功能的GIS系统，有利于研究学习使用。
涉及知识点：
SharpMap的基本概念：Layer(图层,常用图层：VectorLayer,LabelLayer) ， IProvider(数据提供者,常用数据源：Ogr(对应MapInfo),ShapFile,DataTablePoint(对应DataSet))
坐标转换：主要用于经纬度和地图坐标的转换。
SharpMap知识结构图：
效果图如下：
（一）车辆轨迹图：数据源：Excel数据
（二）定点数据（数据源：Excel）将河南省十七个城市，全部插上小红旗
（三）使用MapInfo做背景文件（此处通过程序调整了比例尺）
（四）使用ShapFile做背景图
核心代码
using BruTile.Predefined;
using GeoAPI.CoordinateSystems.Transformations;
using ProjNet.CoordinateSystems;
using ProjNet.CoordinateSystems.Transformations;
using SharpMap;
using SharpMap.Data.Providers;
using SharpMap.Layers;
using SharpMap.Rendering;
using SharpMap.Rendering.Thematics;
using SharpMap.Styles;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.OleDb;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.Drawing.Text;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Point = GeoAPI.Geometries.Coordinate;
namespace DemoSharpMap
{
public class SharpMapHelper
{
private const string XlsConnectionString = "Provider={2};Data Source={0}\\{1};Extended Properties=\"Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1\"";
public static Map InitializeMap(MapType tt,float angle)
{
Map map = null;
switch (tt)
{
case MapType.RunLine:
map = InitializeMapOsmWithXls(angle);
break;
case MapType.MapInfo:
map = InitializeMapinfo(angle);
break;
case MapType.ShapeFile:
map = InitializeMapOrig(angle);
break;
case MapType.Static:
map = InitializeMapOsmWithXls2(angle);
break;
default:
map = InitializeMapOsmWithXls(angle);
break;
}
return map;
}
///
/// MapInfo格式的地图文件
///
///
///
private static Map InitializeMapinfo(float angle)
{
//Initialize a new map of size 'imagesize'
Map map = new Map();
//Set up the countries layer
VectorLayer layCountries = new VectorLayer("Countries");
//Set the datasource to a shapefile in the App_data folder
try
{
layCountries.DataSource = new Ogr("GeoData/MapInfo/countriesMapInfo.tab");
}
catch (TypeInitializationException ex)
{
if (ex.Message == "The type initializer for 'OSGeo.OGR.Ogr' threw an exception.")
{
throw new Exception(
String.Format(
"The application threw a PINVOKE exception. You probably need to copy the unmanaged dll's to your bin directory. They are a part of fwtools {0}. You can download it from: http://home.gdal.org/fwtools/",
GdalRasterLayer.FWToolsVersion));
}
throw;
}
//Set fill-style to green
layCountries.Style.Fill = new SolidBrush(Color.Green);
//Set the polygons to have a black outline
layCountries.Style.Outline = Pens.Black;
layCountries.Style.EnableOutline = true;
layCountries.SRID = 4326;
//Set up a river layer
VectorLayer layRivers = new VectorLayer("Rivers");
//Set the datasource to a shapefile in the App_data folder
layRivers.DataSource = new Ogr("GeoData/MapInfo/riversMapInfo.tab");
//Define a blue 1px wide pen
layRivers.Style.Line = new Pen(Color.Blue, 1);
layRivers.SRID = 4326;
//Set up a river layer
VectorLayer layCities = new VectorLayer("Cities");
//Set the datasource to a shapefile in the App_data folder
layCities.DataSource = new Ogr("GeoData/MapInfo/citiesMapInfo.tab");
layCities.Style.SymbolScale = 0.8f;
layCities.MaxVisible = 40;
layCities.SRID = 4326;
//Set up a country label layer
LabelLayer layLabel = new LabelLayer("Country labels");
layLabel.DataSource = layCountries.DataSource;
layLabel.Enabled = true;
layLabel.LabelColumn = "Name";
layLabel.Style = new LabelStyle();
layLabel.Style.ForeColor = Color.White;
layLabel.Style.Font = new Font(FontFamily.GenericSerif, 12);
layLabel.Style.BackColor = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(128, 255, 0, 0));
layLabel.MaxVisible = 90;
layLabel.MinVisible = 30;
layLabel.Style.HorizontalAlignment = LabelStyle.HorizontalAlignmentEnum.Center;
layLabel.SRID = 4326;
layLabel.MultipartGeometryBehaviour = LabelLayer.MultipartGeometryBehaviourEnum.Largest;
//Set up a city label layer
LabelLayer layCityLabel = new LabelLayer("City labels");
layCityLabel.DataSource = layCities.DataSource;
layCityLabel.Enabled = true;
layCityLabel.LabelColumn = "Name";
layCityLabel.Style = new LabelStyle();
layCityLabel.Style.ForeColor = Color.Black;
layCityLabel.Style.Font = new Font(FontFamily.GenericSerif, 11);
layCityLabel.MaxVisible = layLabel.MinVisible;
layCityLabel.Style.HorizontalAlignment = LabelStyle.HorizontalAlignmentEnum.Left;
layCityLabel.Style.VerticalAlignment = LabelStyle.VerticalAlignmentEnum.Bottom;
layCityLabel.Style.Offset = new PointF(3, 3);
layCityLabel.Style.Halo = new Pen(Color.Yellow, 2);
layCityLabel.TextRenderingHint = TextRenderingHint.AntiAlias;
layCityLabel.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
layCityLabel.SRID = 4326;
layCityLabel.LabelFilter = LabelCollisionDetection.ThoroughCollisionDetection;
layCityLabel.Style.CollisionDetection = true;
//Add the layers to the map object.
//The order we add them in are the order they are drawn, so we add the rivers last to put them on top
map.Layers.Add(layCountries);
map.Layers.Add(layRivers);
map.Layers.Add(layCities);
map.Layers.Add(layLabel);
map.Layers.Add(layCityLabel);
//增加Layers
var xlsPath = string.Format(XlsConnectionString, System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "GeoData\\Henan.xls", Properties.Settings.Default.OleDbProvider);
var ds = GetDataFromExcel(xlsPath, "Cities");
//var ct = GetCoordinateTransformation();
//TransCoordinate(ds, ct);
string columeName = "Rotation";
//Add Rotation Column
AddColumeToDataSet(ds, columeName, -angle);
var xlsLayer = GetLayerFromDataSet2(ds, Color.GreenYellow);//Set up provider
map.Layers.Add(xlsLayer); //Add layer to map
map.Center = xlsLayer.Envelope.Centre;// new Point(0, 0);
map.MapScale = 350;
//map.Center = new Point(0, 0);
//_ogrSampleDataset = "MapInfo";
//Matrix mat = new Matrix();
//mat.RotateAt(angle, map.WorldToImage(map.Center));
//map.MapTransform = mat;
//map.ZoomToBox(xlsLayer.Envelope);
return map;
}
///
/// ShapeFile
///
///
///
private static Map InitializeMapOrig(float angle)
{
//Initialize a new map of size 'imagesize'
Map map = new Map();
//Set up the countries layer
VectorLayer layCountries = new VectorLayer("Countries");
//Set the datasource to a shapefile in the App_data folder
layCountries.DataSource = new ShapeFile("GeoData/World/countries.shp", true);
//Set fill-style to green
layCountries.Style.Fill = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(64, Color.Green));
//Set the polygons to have a black outline
layCountries.Style.Outline = Pens.Black;
layCountries.Style.EnableOutline = true;
layCountries.SRID = 4326;
//Set up a river layer
VectorLayer layRivers = new VectorLayer("Rivers");
//Set the datasource to a shapefile in the App_data folder
layRivers.DataSource = new ShapeFile("GeoData/World/rivers.shp", true);
//Define a blue 1px wide pen
layRivers.Style.Line = new Pen(Color.Blue, 1);
layRivers.SRID = 4326;
//Set up a cities layer
VectorLayer layCities = new VectorLayer("Cities");
//Set the datasource to a shapefile in the App_data folder
layCities.DataSource = new ShapeFile("GeoData/World/cities.shp", true);
layCities.Style.SymbolScale = 0.8f;
layCities.MaxVisible = 40;
layCities.SRID = 4326;
//Set up a country label layer
LabelLayer layLabel = new LabelLayer("Country labels");
layLabel.DataSource = layCountries.DataSource;
layLabel.Enabled = true;
layLabel.LabelColumn = "Name";
layLabel.Style = new LabelStyle();
layLabel.Style.ForeColor = Color.White;
layLabel.Style.Font = new Font(FontFamily.GenericSerif, 12);
layLabel.Style.BackColor = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(128, 255, 0, 0));
layLabel.MaxVisible = 90;
layLabel.MinVisible = 30;
layLabel.Style.HorizontalAlignment = LabelStyle.HorizontalAlignmentEnum.Center;
layLabel.SRID = 4326;
layLabel.MultipartGeometryBehaviour = LabelLayer.MultipartGeometryBehaviourEnum.Largest;
layLabel.LabelFilter = LabelCollisionDetection.ThoroughCollisionDetection;
layLabel.Style.CollisionDetection = true;
layLabel.LabelPositionDelegate = fdr => fdr.Geometry.InteriorPoint.Coordinate;
layLabel.PriorityColumn = "POPDENS";
//Set up a city label layer
LabelLayer layCityLabel = new LabelLayer("City labels");
layCityLabel.DataSource = layCities.DataSource;
layCityLabel.Enabled = true;
layCityLabel.LabelColumn = "Name";
layCityLabel.Style = new LabelStyle();
layCityLabel.Style.ForeColor = Color.Black;
layCityLabel.Style.Font = new Font(FontFamily.GenericSerif, 11);
layCityLabel.MaxVisible = layLabel.MinVisible;
layCityLabel.Style.HorizontalAlignment = LabelStyle.HorizontalAlignmentEnum.Left;
layCityLabel.Style.VerticalAlignment = LabelStyle.VerticalAlignmentEnum.Bottom;
layCityLabel.Style.Offset = new PointF(3, 3);
layCityLabel.Style.Halo = new Pen(Color.Yellow, 2);
layCityLabel.TextRenderingHint = TextRenderingHint.AntiAlias;
layCityLabel.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
layCityLabel.SRID = 4326;
layCityLabel.LabelFilter = LabelCollisionDetection.ThoroughCollisionDetection;
layCityLabel.Style.CollisionDetection = true;
layCityLabel.PriorityColumn = "POPULATION";
layCityLabel.Theme = new GradientTheme(layCityLabel.PriorityColumn, 250000, 5000000,
new LabelStyle
{
MaxVisible = 10,
CollisionBuffer = new Size(0, 0),
CollisionDetection = true,
Enabled = true,
ForeColor = Color.LightSlateGray,
Halo = new Pen(Color.Silver, 1),
HorizontalAlignment = LabelStyle.HorizontalAlignmentEnum.Center,
VerticalAlignment = LabelStyle.VerticalAlignmentEnum.Middle,
Font = new Font(GenericFontFamilies.SansSerif.ToString(), 8f, FontStyle.Regular)
},
new LabelStyle
{
MaxVisible = layLabel.MinVisible,
CollisionBuffer = new Size(3, 3),
CollisionDetection = true,
Enabled = true,
ForeColor = Color.LightSlateGray,
Halo = new Pen(Color.Silver, 5),
HorizontalAlignment = LabelStyle.HorizontalAlignmentEnum.Center,
VerticalAlignment = LabelStyle.VerticalAlignmentEnum.Middle,
Font = new Font(GenericFontFamilies.SansSerif.ToString(), 16f, FontStyle.Bold)
});
bool ignoreLength = false;
var layRiverLabel = new LabelLayer("River labels")
{
DataSource = layRivers.DataSource,
Enabled = true,
LabelColumn = "Name",
TextRenderingHint = TextRenderingHint.AntiAlias,
SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias,
SRID = 4326,
LabelFilter = LabelCollisionDetection.ThoroughCollisionDetection,
MultipartGeometryBehaviour = LabelLayer.MultipartGeometryBehaviourEnum.CommonCenter,
Style =
new LabelStyle
{
ForeColor = Color.DarkBlue,
Font = new Font(FontFamily.GenericSansSerif, 11),
HorizontalAlignment = LabelStyle.HorizontalAlignmentEnum.Center,
VerticalAlignment = LabelStyle.VerticalAlignmentEnum.Middle,
//CollisionDetection = true,
Halo = new Pen(Color.Azure, 2),
IgnoreLength = ignoreLength,
Offset = new PointF(0, -10)
},
};
//Add the layers to the map object.
//The order we add them in are the order they are drawn, so we add the rivers last to put them on top
//map.BackgroundLayer.Add(AsyncLayerProxyLayer.Create(layCountries));
map.Layers.Add(layCountries);
map.Layers.Add(layRivers);
map.Layers.Add(layCities);
map.Layers.Add(layLabel);
map.Layers.Add(layCityLabel);
map.Layers.Add(layRiverLabel);
//增加Layers
var xlsPath = string.Format(XlsConnectionString, System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "GeoData\\Henan.xls", Properties.Settings.Default.OleDbProvider);
var ds = GetDataFromExcel(xlsPath, "Cities");
//var ct = GetCoordinateTransformation();
//TransCoordinate(ds, ct);
string columeName = "Rotation";
//Add Rotation Column
AddColumeToDataSet(ds, columeName, -angle);
var xlsLayer = GetLayerFromDataSet2(ds, Color.GreenYellow);//Set up provider
map.Layers.Add(xlsLayer); //Add layer to map
//limit the zoom to 360 degrees width
//map.MaximumZoom = 360;
//map.BackColor = Color.LightBlue;
//map.Zoom = 360;
map.Center = xlsLayer.Envelope.Centre;// new Point(0, 0);
map.MapScale = 350;
//Matrix mat = new Matrix();
//mat.RotateAt(angle, map.WorldToImage(map.Center));
//map.MapTransform = mat;
//map.ZoomToBox(xlsLayer.Envelope);
return map;
}
///
/// 在线显示，圆点显示轨迹
///
///
///
private static Map InitializeMapOsmWithXls(float angle)
{
var map = new Map();
var tileLayer = new TileAsyncLayer(
KnownTileSources.Create(KnownTileSource.OpenStreetMap), "TileLayer - OSM with XLS");
tileLayer.SRID = 4326;
map.BackgroundLayer.Add(tileLayer);
//Get data from excel
var xlsPath = string.Format(XlsConnectionString, System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "GeoData\\Cities.xls", Properties.Settings.Default.OleDbProvider);
var ds = GetDataFromExcel(xlsPath, "Cities");
var ds1 = GetDataFromExcel(xlsPath, "Cities2");
var ct = GetCoordinateTransformation();
TransCoordinate(ds, ct);
TransCoordinate(ds1, ct);
string columeName = "Rotation";
//Add Rotation Column
AddColumeToDataSet(ds, columeName, -angle);
AddColumeToDataSet(ds1, columeName, -angle);
var xlsLayer = GetLayerFromDataSet(ds, Color.GreenYellow);//Set up provider
map.Layers.Add(xlsLayer); //Add layer to map
var xlsLayer1 = GetLayerFromDataSet(ds1, Color.Red);
map.Layers.Add(xlsLayer1);
var xlsLabelLayer = GetLabelLayerByVectorLayer(xlsLayer, "XLSLabel");
xlsLabelLayer.Theme = new SharpMap.Rendering.Thematics.FontSizeTheme(xlsLabelLayer, map) { FontSizeScale = 1000f };
map.Layers.Add(xlsLabelLayer);
map.ZoomToBox(xlsLayer.Envelope.ExpandedBy(xlsLayer1.Envelope));
return map;
}
///
/// 在线显示，图标显示轨迹
///
///
///
private static Map InitializeMapOsmWithXls2(float angle)
{
var map = new Map();
var tileLayer = new TileAsyncLayer(
KnownTileSources.Create(KnownTileSource.OpenStreetMap), "TileLayer - OSM with XLS");
tileLayer.SRID = 4326;
map.BackgroundLayer.Add(tileLayer);
//Get data from excel
var xlsPath = string.Format(XlsConnectionString, System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "GeoData\\Henan.xls", Properties.Settings.Default.OleDbProvider);
var ds = GetDataFromExcel(xlsPath, "Cities");
var ct = GetCoordinateTransformation();
TransCoordinate(ds, ct);
string columeName = "Rotation";
//Add Rotation Column
AddColumeToDataSet(ds, columeName, -angle);
var xlsLayer = GetLayerFromDataSet2(ds, Color.GreenYellow);//Set up provider
map.Layers.Add(xlsLayer); //Add layer to map
var xlsLabelLayer = GetLabelLayerByVectorLayer(xlsLayer, "XLSLabel");
xlsLabelLayer.Theme = new FontSizeTheme(xlsLabelLayer, map) { FontSizeScale = 1000f };
map.Layers.Add(xlsLabelLayer);
map.ZoomToBox(xlsLayer.Envelope);
return map;
}
///
/// 从Excel中读取数据
///
private static DataSet GetDataFromExcel(string xlsPath, string sheetName)
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet("XLS");
string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [{0}$];", sheetName);
using (var cn = new OleDbConnection(xlsPath))
{
cn.Open();
using (var da = new OleDbDataAdapter(new OleDbCommand(sql, cn)))
{
da.Fill(ds);
}
}
return ds;
}
///
/// 获取坐标转换对象
///
///
private static ICoordinateTransformation GetCoordinateTransformation()
{
//The SRS for this datasource is EPSG:4326, therefore we need to transfrom it to OSM projection
var ctf = new CoordinateTransformationFactory();
var cf = new CoordinateSystemFactory();
var epsg4326 = cf.CreateFromWkt("GEOGCS[\"WGS 84\",DATUM[\"WGS_1984\",SPHEROID[\"WGS 84\",6378137,298.257223563,AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"7030\"]],AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"6326\"]],PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"8901\"]],UNIT[\"degree\",0.01745329251994328,AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"9122\"]],AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"4326\"]]");
var epsg3857 = cf.CreateFromWkt("PROJCS[\"Popular Visualisation CRS / Mercator\", GEOGCS[\"Popular Visualisation CRS\", DATUM[\"Popular Visualisation Datum\", SPHEROID[\"Popular Visualisation Sphere\", 6378137, 0, AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"7059\"]], TOWGS84[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"6055\"]],PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\", 0, AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\", \"8901\"]], UNIT[\"degree\", 0.0174532925199433, AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\", \"9102\"]], AXIS[\"E\", EAST], AXIS[\"N\", NORTH], AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"4055\"]], PROJECTION[\"Mercator\"], PARAMETER[\"False_Easting\", 0], PARAMETER[\"False_Northing\", 0], PARAMETER[\"Central_Meridian\", 0], PARAMETER[\"Latitude_of_origin\", 0], UNIT[\"metre\", 1, AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\", \"9001\"]], AXIS[\"East\", EAST], AXIS[\"North\", NORTH], AUTHORITY[\"EPSG\",\"3857\"]]");
var ct = ctf.CreateFromCoordinateSystems(epsg4326, epsg3857);
return ct;
}
///
/// 转换地球经纬度到坐标
///
///
///
private static void TransCoordinate(DataSet ds, ICoordinateTransformation ct)
{
foreach (System.Data.DataRow row in ds.Tables[0].Rows)
{
if (row["X"] == DBNull.Value || row["Y"] == DBNull.Value) continue;
var coords = new[] { Convert.ToDouble(row["X"]), Convert.ToDouble(row["Y"]) };
coords = ct.MathTransform.Transform(coords);
row["X"] = coords[0];
row["Y"] = coords[1];
}
}
///
/// 增加列
///
///
///
///
private static void AddColumeToDataSet(DataSet ds, string columeName, float columeValue)
{
ds.Tables[0].Columns.Add(columeName, typeof(float));
foreach (System.Data.DataRow row in ds.Tables[0].Rows)
{
row["Rotation"] = -columeValue;
}
}
///
/// 轨迹用点表示
///
///
///
///
private static VectorLayer GetLayerFromDataSet(DataSet ds, Color c)
{
var xlsProvider = new DataTablePoint(ds.Tables[0], "OID", "X", "Y");
var xlsLayer = new VectorLayer("XLS", xlsProvider)
{ Style = new VectorStyle() { PointColor = new SolidBrush(c) } };
return xlsLayer;
}
///
/// 获取带图标的图层
///
///
///
///
private static VectorLayer GetLayerFromDataSet2(DataSet ds, Color c)
{
var xlsProvider = new DataTablePoint(ds.Tables[0], "OID", "X", "Y");
var xlsLayer = new VectorLayer("XLS", xlsProvider)
{ Style = { Symbol=Properties.Resources.redflag} };
return xlsLayer;
}
private static LabelLayer GetLabelLayerByVectorLayer(VectorLayer xlsLayer, string layerName)
{
var xlsLabelLayer = new LabelLayer(layerName)
{
DataSource = xlsLayer.DataSource,
LabelColumn = "NAME",
//PriorityColumn = "Population",
Style =
{
CollisionBuffer = new System.Drawing.SizeF(2f, 2f),
CollisionDetection = true
},
LabelFilter = LabelCollisionDetection.ThoroughCollisionDetection
};
return xlsLabelLayer;
}
}
public enum MapType {
ShapeFile = 0,
MapInfo = 1,
RunLine = 2,//运行轨迹
Static = 3 //定点数据
}
}关于C# 中SharpMap如何使用问题的解答就分享到这里了，希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助，如果你还有很多疑惑没有解开，可以关注创新互联成都网站设计公司行业资讯频道了解更多相关知识。
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