1. ansible-常用模块
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根据官方的分类，将模块按功能分类为：云模块、命令模块、数据库模块、文件模块、资产模块、消息模块、监控模块、网络模块、通知模块、包管理模块、源码控制模块、系统模块、单元模块、web设施模块、windows模块
user：配置用户
group：配置用户组
cron：配置计划任务
copy：复制文件到远程主机
file: 用于配置文件属性
yum：用于安装软件包
service：用于管理服务
shell： 用于执行命令可以带 “ |”管道符号等
scripts：在远程主机执行控制端的脚本文件
setup：查看远程主机的基本信息
filesystem：在块设备上创建文件系统
mount：配置挂载点
synchronize：使用rsync同步文件
get_url：该模块主要用于从http、ftp、https服务器上下载文件（类似于wget）
package：使用os包管理器安装，升级和删除包
stat：获取远程主机文件状态信息。
unarchive： 用于解压文件
command：在远程主机上执行命令
raw：类似于shell模块，支持管道
ping：用于检测远程主机是否存活
1）ping模块
测试主机是否通的，用法很简单
[root@test-1
ansible]# ansible test -m ping
[DEPRECATION
WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a
generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be
removed in
version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting
deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
192.168.3.174
| SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.3.175
| SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
2) file-模块
file模块主要用于远程主机上的文件操作，file模块包含如下选项：
force：需要在两种情况下强制创建软连接。
group：定义文件/目录的属组
owner：定义文件/目录的属主
mode：定义文件/目录的权限
path：必选项，定义文件/目录的路径
recurse：递归设置文件的属性，只对目录有效
src：要被链接的源文件的路径，只应用于state=link的情况
dest：被链接到的路径，只应用于state=link的情况
state:定义文件状态
2.1) 案例1-用file创建一个软连接/etc/fstab到/tmp/fstab
[root@test-1
ansible]# ansible test -m file -a " src=/etc/fstab dest=/tmp/fstab state=link"
[DEPRECATION
WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a
generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be
removed in
version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting
deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
192.168.3.175
| CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/fstab",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"secontext":
"unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0",
"size": 10,
"src": "/etc/fstab",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.3.174
| CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/fstab",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"secontext":
"unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0",
"size": 10,
"src": "/etc/fstab",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}
执行结果
[root@test-2
tmp]# ll
total 8
lrwxrwxrwx.
1 root root 10 Nov 19 02:44 fstab ->
/etc/fstab
-rwx------.
1 root root 836 Oct 24 09:40 ks-script-6aY4Ug
drwx------.
3 root root 17 Oct 25 23:39
systemd-private-664f2393bb954d4d812ce589bd921c84-chronyd.service-sclu10
-rw-r--r--.
1 root root 8 Oct 25 22:26 test.txt
drwx------.
2 root root 6 Oct 24 09:44 vmware-root
-rw-------.
1 root root 0 Oct 24 09:36 yum.log
2.2) 案例2-我们需要在远程服务器上/tmp/下创建一个file文件
[root@test-1
ansible]# ansible test -m file -a 'path=/tmp/file state=touch'
[DEPRECATION
WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a
generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be
removed in
version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting
deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
192.168.3.174
| CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/file",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext":
"unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
执行结果：
[root@test-2 tmp]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 19 03:12 file
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Nov 19 02:44 fstab -> /etc/fstab
-rwx------. 1 root root 836 Oct 24 09:40 ks-script-6aY4Ug
drwx------. 3 root root 17 Oct 25 23:39 systemd-private-664f2393bb954d4d812ce589bd921c84-chronyd.service-sclu10
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Oct 25 22:26 test.txt
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Oct 24 09:44 vmware-root
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 09:36 yum.log
2.3) 案例3-需要远程test组下修改file的文件权限
[root@test-1
ansible]# ansible test -m file -a "path=/tmp/file mode=755"
[DEPRECATION
WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a
generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be
removed in
version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting
deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
192.168.3.174
| CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/file",
"secontext":
"unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
执行结果：
[root@test-1
ansible]# ansible test -m command -a
'ls -lh /tmp/'
[DEPRECATION
WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a
generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be
removed in
version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting
deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
192.168.3.174
| CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8.0K
drwx------.
2 root root 80 Nov 19 03:20
ansible_command_payload_8myj39
-rwxr-xr-x.
1 root root 0 Nov 19 03:12 file
lrwxrwxrwx.
1 root root 10 Nov 19 02:44 fstab ->
/etc/fstab
-rwx------.
1 root root 836 Oct 24 09:40 ks-script-6aY4Ug
drwx------.
3 root root 17 Oct 25 23:39
systemd-private-664f2393bb954d4d812ce589bd921c84-chronyd.service-sclu10
-rw-r--r--.
1 root root 8 Oct 25 22:26 test.txt
drwx------.
2 root root 6 Oct 24 09:44 vmware-root
-rw-------.
1 root root 0 Oct 24 09:36 yum.log
3) copy模块
backup：在覆盖之前将原文件备份，备份文件包含时间信息。有两个选项：yes|no
content：用于替代"src",可以直接设定指定文件的值
dest：必选项。要将源文件复制到的远程主机的绝对路径，如果源文件是一个目录，那么该路径也必须是个目录
directory_mode：递归的设定目录的权限，默认为系统默认权限
force：如果目标主机包含该文件，但内容不同，如果设置为yes，则强制覆盖，如果为no，则只有当目标主机的目标位置不存在该文件时，才复制。默认为yes
others：所有的file模块里的选项都可以在这里使用
src：要复制到远程主机的文件在本地的地址，可以是绝对路径，也可以是相对路径。如果路径是一个目录，它将递归复制。在这种情况下，如果路径使用"/"来结尾，则只复制目录里的内容，如果没有使用"/"来结尾，则包含目录在内的整个内容全部复制，类似于rsync。
validate
：The validation command to run before copying into place. The path to the file
to validate is passed in via '%s' which must be present as in the visudo
example bel
3.1) 案例1-从本地拷贝文件到ansibel目标的目录
[root@test-1 ansible]# touch /tmp/aa #本地测试创建的aa文件
[root@test-1 ansible]# ansible test -m copy -a " src=/tmp/aa dest=/tmp/aa"
[DEPRECATION WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be
removed in version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
192.168.3.174 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709",
"dest": "/tmp/aa",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 0,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1542616228.03-86258002572076/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
执行结果：
[root@test-2 tmp]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 19 03:30 aa
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Nov 19 03:12 file
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Nov 19 02:44 fstab -> /etc/fstab
-rwx------. 1 root root 836 Oct 24 09:40 ks-script-6aY4Ug
drwx------. 3 root root 17 Oct 25 23:39 systemd-private-664f2393bb954d4d812ce589bd921c84-chronyd.service-sclu10
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Oct 25 22:26 test.txt
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Oct 24 09:44 vmware-root
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 09:36 yum.log
3.2) 案例2-ansible使用backup进行备份
[root@test-1
ansible]# vim /tmp/aa
[root@test-1
ansible]# ansible test -m copy -a " src=/tmp/aa dest=/tmp/aa
backup=yes"
[DEPRECATION
WARNING]: DEFAULT_SUDO_USER option, In favor of Ansible Become, which is a
generic framework. See become_user. , use become instead. This feature will be
removed in
version 2.8. Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting
deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
192.168.3.174
| CHANGED => {
"backup_file":
"/tmp/aa.3042.2018-11-19@03:37:06~",
"changed": true,
"checksum":
"5730dd3a58d64a39a7fc704c3c5570d70303d9db",
"dest": "/tmp/aa",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum":
"96fdb0b7ddbb489f8636769965584623",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext":
"unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 35,
"src":
"/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1542616624.56-136259009428901/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
执行结果
[root@test-2 tmp]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 35 Nov 19 03:37 aa
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 56 Nov 19 03:36 aa.3042.2018-11-19@03:37:06~ #这里是ansible使用的
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Nov 19 03:12 file
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Nov 19 02:44 fstab -> /etc/fstab
-rwx------. 1 root root 836 Oct 24 09:40 ks-script-6aY4Ug
drwx------. 3 root root 17 Oct 25 23:39 systemd-private-664f2393bb954d4d812ce589bd921c84-chronyd.service-sclu10
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Oct 25 22:26 test.txt
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Oct 24 09:44 vmware-root
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Oct 24 09:36 yum.log
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