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Kubernetes-dashboard+Heapster+InfluxDB+Grafana的示例分析

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一:前言

1.kubernetes-dashboard 官方提供的用户管理Kubernets集群可视化工具

2.cAdvisor是用于监控容器运行状态的利器之一。在kubernetes系统中,cAdvisor已经被默认集成到了kubelet组件内,当kubelet服务启动时,它会自动启动cAdvisor服务,然后cAdvisor会实时采集所在节点的性能指标及节点上运行的容器的性能指标。cAdvisor主页显示了主机的实时运行状态,包括CPU使用情况、内存使用情况、网络吞吐量及文件系统使用情况等信息。但是cAdvisor只提供了单机的容器资源占用情况,而在大规模容器集群中,需要对所有的Node和全部容器进行性能监控。这就需要一套工具来实现集群性能数据的采集、存储和展示。

3.Heapster 提供整个集群的资源监控,并支持持久化数据存储到InfluxDB或者其他的存储后端。Heapster从kubelet提供的API采集节点和容器的资源占用。另外,Heapster的 /metrics API提供了Prometheus格式的数据。

4.InfluxDB是一个开源分布式时序、事件和指标数据库。

5.Grafana是一个开源仪表盘工具,它可用于Graphite、InfluxDB与 OpenTSDB 一起使用。最新的版本还可以用于其他的数据源,比如Elasticsearch。(与heapster与Prometheus均可集成)

6.Zabbix是一个基于WEB界面的提供分布式系统监视以及网络监视功能的企业级的开源解决方案.多用于传统(非微服务)分布式系统的监控。

7.Prometheus 容器时代的产物。集成采集、存储(支持多种时序数据库)、页面展示与一体的监控工具。

监控方案:
a.Heapster+InfluxDB+Grafana
b.Prometheus

二:安装
1.镜像
k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.2
gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-amd64:v1.4.2
gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3 
gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3

2.yaml文件
Kubernetes-dashboard+Heapster+InfluxDB+Grafana的示例分析

admin-user.yaml(不需修改)

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. apiVersion: v1

  2. kind: ServiceAccount

  3. metadata:

  4.   name: admin-user

  5.   namespace: kube-system

  6. ---

  7. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

  8. kind: ClusterRoleBinding

  9. metadata:

  10.   name: admin-user

  11. roleRef:

  12.   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

  13.   kind: ClusterRole

  14.   name: cluster-admin

  15. subjects:

  16. - kind: ServiceAccount

  17.   name: admin-user

  18.   namespace: kube-system

dashboard.yaml(橙色标示是修改的地方。特别说明当前版本需要添加 - --heapster-host=http://heapster 配置,否则无法正常获取metrics )

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. # Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.

  2. #

  3. # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

  4. # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

  5. # You may obtain a copy of the License at

  6. #

  7. #     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  8. #

  9. # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

  10. # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

  11. # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

  12. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

  13. # limitations under the License.

  14. # Configuration to deploy release version of the Dashboard UI compatible with

  15. # Kubernetes 1.8.

  16. #

  17. # Example usage: kubectl create -f

  18. # ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #

  19. apiVersion: v1

  20. kind: Secret

  21. metadata:

  22.   labels:

  23.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

  24.   name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

  25.   namespace: kube-system

  26. type: Opaque

  27. ---

  28. # ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #

  29. apiVersion: v1

  30. kind: ServiceAccount

  31. metadata:

  32.   labels:

  33.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

  34.   name: kubernetes-dashboard

  35.   namespace: kube-system

  36. ---

  37. # ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #

  38. kind: Role

  39. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

  40. metadata:

  41.   name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal

  42.   namespace: kube-system

  43. rules:

  44.   # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.

  45. - apiGroups: [""]

  46.   resources: ["secrets"]

  47.   verbs: ["create"]

  48.   # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.

  49. - apiGroups: [""]

  50.   resources: ["configmaps"]

  51.   verbs: ["create"]

  52.   # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.

  53. - apiGroups: [""]

  54.   resources: ["secrets"]

  55.   resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]

  56.   verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]

  57.   # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.

  58. - apiGroups: [""]

  59.   resources: ["configmaps"]

  60.   resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]

  61.   verbs: ["get", "update"]

  62.   # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.

  63. - apiGroups: [""]

  64.   resources: ["services"]

  65.   resourceNames: ["heapster"]

  66.   verbs: ["proxy"]

  67. - apiGroups: [""]

  68.   resources: ["services/proxy"]

  69.   resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]

  70.   verbs: ["get"]

  71. ---

  72. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

  73. kind: RoleBinding

  74. metadata:

  75.   name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal

  76.   namespace: kube-system

  77. roleRef:

  78.   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

  79.   kind: Role

  80.   name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal

  81. subjects:

  82. - kind: ServiceAccount

  83.   name: kubernetes-dashboard

  84.   namespace: kube-system

  85. ---

  86. # ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #

  87. kind: Deployment

  88. apiVersion: apps/v1beta2

  89. metadata:

  90.   labels:

  91.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

  92.   name: kubernetes-dashboard

  93.   namespace: kube-system

  94. spec:

  95.   replicas: 1

  96.   revisionHistoryLimit: 10

  97.   selector:

  98.     matchLabels:

  99.       k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

  100.   template:

  101.     metadata:

  102.       labels:

  103.         k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

  104.     spec:

  105.       containers:

  106.       - name: kubernetes-dashboard

  107.         image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.2

  108.         ports:

  109.         - containerPort: 8443

  110.           protocol: TCP

  111.         args:

  112.           - --auto-generate-certificates

  113.           # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host

  114.           # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect

  115.           # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.

  116.           # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port

  117.           - --heapster-host=http://heapster

  118.         volumeMounts:

  119.         - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

  120.           mountPath: /certs

  121.           # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs

  122.         - mountPath: /tmp

  123.           name: tmp-volume

  124.         livenessProbe:

  125.           httpGet:

  126.             scheme: HTTPS

  127.             path: /

  128.             port: 8443

  129.           initialDelaySeconds: 30

  130.           timeoutSeconds: 30

  131.       volumes:

  132.       - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

  133.         secret:

  134.           secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs

  135.       - name: tmp-volume

  136.         emptyDir: {}

  137.       serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard

  138.       # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master

  139.       tolerations:

  140.       - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master

  141.         effect: NoSchedule

  142. ---

  143. # ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #

  144. kind: Service

  145. apiVersion: v1

  146. metadata:

  147.   labels:

  148.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

  149.   name: kubernetes-dashboard

  150.   namespace: kube-system

  151. spec:

  152.   type: NodePort

  153.   ports:

  154.     - port: 443

  155.       targetPort: 8443

  156.       nodePort: 32666

  157.   selector:

  158.     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

grafana.yaml(橙色标示为需要修改的地方)

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1

  2. kind: Deployment

  3. metadata:

  4.   name: monitoring-grafana

  5.   namespace: kube-system

  6. spec:

  7.   replicas: 1

  8.   template:

  9.     metadata:

  10.       labels:

  11.         task: monitoring

  12.         k8s-app: grafana

  13.     spec:

  14.       containers:

  15.       - name: grafana

  16.         image: gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3

  17.         ports:

  18.         - containerPort: 3000

  19.           protocol: TCP

  20.         volumeMounts:

  21.         - mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs

  22.           name: ca-certificates

  23.           readOnly: true

  24.         - mountPath: /var

  25.           name: grafana-storage

  26.         env:

  27.         - name: INFLUXDB_HOST

  28.           value: monitoring-influxdb

  29.         - name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT

  30.           value: "3000"

  31.           # The following env variables are required to make Grafana accessible via

  32.           # the kubernetes api-server proxy. On production clusters, we recommend

  33.           # removing these env variables, setup auth for grafana, and expose the grafana

  34.           # service using a LoadBalancer or a public IP.

  35.         - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED

  36.           value: "false"

  37.         - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED

  38.           value: "true"

  39.         - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE

  40.           value: Admin

  41.         - name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL

  42.           # If you're only using the API Server proxy, set this value instead:

  43.           # value: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy

  44.           value: /

  45.       volumes:

  46.       - name: ca-certificates

  47.         hostPath:

  48.           path: /etc/ssl/certs

  49.       - name: grafana-storage

  50.         emptyDir: {}

  51. ---

  52. apiVersion: v1

  53. kind: Service

  54. metadata:

  55.   labels:

  56.     # For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)

  57.     # If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.

  58.     kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true

heapster-rbac.yaml(不需要修改)

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. kind: ClusterRoleBinding

  2. apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1

  3. metadata:

  4.   name: heapster

  5. roleRef:

  6.   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

  7.   kind: ClusterRole

  8.   name: system:heapster

  9. subjects:

  10. - kind: ServiceAccount

  11.   name: heapster

  12.   namespace: kube-system

heapster.yaml(橙色标示为需要修改的地方)

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. apiVersion: v1

  2. kind: ServiceAccount

  3. metadata:

  4.   name: heapster

  5.   namespace: kube-system

  6. ---

  7. apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1

  8. kind: Deployment

  9. metadata:

  10.   name: heapster

  11.   namespace: kube-system

  12. spec:

  13.   replicas: 1

  14.   template:

  15.     metadata:

  16.       labels:

  17.         task: monitoring

  18.         k8s-app: heapster

  19.     spec:

  20.       serviceAccountName: heapster

  21.       containers:

  22.       - name: heapster

  23.         image: gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-amd64:v1.4.2

  24.         imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

  25.         command:

  26.         - /heapster

  27.         - --source=kubernetes:https://10.116.137.196:6443

  28.         - --sink=influxdb:http://monitoring-influxdb.kube-system.svc:8086

  29. ---

  30. apiVersion: v1

  31. kind: Service

  32. metadata:

  33.   labels:

  34.     task: monitoring

  35.     # For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)

  36.     # If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.

  37.     kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'

  38.     kubernetes.io/name: Heapster

  39.   name: heapster

  40.   namespace: kube-system

  41. spec:

  42.   ports:

  43.   - port: 80

  44.     targetPort: 8082

  45.   selector:

  46.     k8s-app: heapster

influxdb.yaml(橙色标示为需要修改的地方)

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1

  2. kind: Deployment

  3. metadata:

  4.   name: monitoring-influxdb

  5.   namespace: kube-system

  6. spec:

  7.   replicas: 1

  8.   template:

  9.     metadata:

  10.       labels:

  11.         task: monitoring

  12.         k8s-app: influxdb

  13.     spec:

  14.       containers:

  15.       - name: influxdb

  16.         image: gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3

  17.         volumeMounts:

  18.         - mountPath: /data

  19.           name: influxdb-storage

  20.       volumes:

  21.       - name: influxdb-storage

  22.         emptyDir: {}

  23. ---

  24. apiVersion: v1

  25. kind: Service

  26. metadata:

  27.   labels:

  28.     task: monitoring

  29.     # For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)

  30.     # If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.

  31.     kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'

  32.     kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-influxdb

  33.   name: monitoring-influxdb

  34.   namespace: kube-system

  35. spec:

  36.   ports:

  37.   - port: 8086

  38.     targetPort: 8086

  39.   selector:

  40.     k8s-app: influxdb

dashboard.yaml 文件源于https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

其他yaml.文件源于
https://codeload.github.com/kubernetes/heapster/zip/v1.4.2  下载后解压缩  位于目录\deploy\kube-config\influxdb

3.创建相关资源
执行命令:
kubectl create -f admin-user.yaml -f dashboard.yaml -f grafana.yaml -f heapster-rbac.yaml -f heapster.yaml -f influxdb.yaml
查看创建状态:
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
Kubernetes-dashboard+Heapster+InfluxDB+Grafana的示例分析
三:访问
建议使用Firefox浏览器访问https://nodeIp:32666

Kubernetes-dashboard+Heapster+InfluxDB+Grafana的示例分析

选择使用令牌登录的方式,  生成令牌的命令如下(请保存好生成的Token):

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}') | grep token

成功登录后的页面:
Kubernetes-dashboard+Heapster+InfluxDB+Grafana的示例分析

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