Cobbler无人值守
环境准备
[root@oldboy ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@oldboy ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
[root@oldboy ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@oldboy ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}'
10.0.0.100
[root@oldboy ~]# hostname
oldboy
[root@oldboy ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
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1安装EPEL源
yum install epel-release -y
2安装cobbler
yum install cobbler httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp python-ctypes cman pykickstart –y
3、rpm -ql cobbler # 查看安装的文件，下面列出部分。
/etc/cobbler # 配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/settings # cobbler主配置文件，这个文件是YAML格式，Cobbler是python写的程序。
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template # DHCP服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template # tftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/rsync.template # rsync服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/iso # iso模板配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/pxe # pxe模板文件目录
/etc/cobbler/power # 电源的配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/users.conf # Web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest # 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf # Cobbler模块配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler # Cobbler数据目录
/var/lib/cobbler/config # 配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts#默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders # 存放的各种引导程序
/var/www/cobbler # 系统安装镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror # 导入的系统镜像列表
/var/www/cobbler/images # 导入的系统镜像启动文件
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror # yum源存储目录
/var/log/cobbler # 日志目录
/var/log/cobbler/install.log # 客户端系统安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log # cobbler日志
三、配置Cobbler
1. [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
2. 停止 httpd： [失败]
3. 正在启动 httpd： [确定]
4. [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd start
5. Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]
6. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler check # 检查Cobbler的配置，如果看不到下面的结果，再次执行/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
7. The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
8.
9. 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
10. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
11. 3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
12. 4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
13. 5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
14. 6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
15. 7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
16.
17. Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
18.
19. # 看着上面的结果，一个一个解决。
20. # 第1、2、6个问题，顺便修改其他功能
21. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori} # 备份
22.
23. # server，Cobbler服务器的IP。
24. sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 10.0.0.7/' /etc/cobbler/settings
25.
26. # next_server，如果用Cobbler管理DHCP，修改本项，作用不解释，看kickstart。
27. sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 10.0.0.7/' /etc/cobbler/settings
28.
29. # 用Cobbler管理DHCP
30. sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
31.
32. # 防止循环装系统，适用于服务器第一启动项是PXE启动。
33. sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
34.
35. # 设置新装系统的默认root密码123456。下面的命令来源于提示6。random-phrase-here为干扰码，可以自行设定。
36. [root@linux-node1 ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'oldboy' '123456'
37. $1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1
38. [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
39. default_password_crypted: "$1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1"
40.
41. # 第3个问题
42. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler get-loaders # 会自动从官网下载
43. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ # 下载的内容
44. [root@linux-node1 loaders]# ls
45. COPYING.elilo COPYING.yaboot grub-x86_64.efi menu.c32 README
46. COPYING.syslinux elilo-ia64.efi grub-x86.efi pxelinux.0 yaboot
47.
48. # 第4个问题
49. [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
50. disable = no
51. [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
52. 停止 xinetd： [确定]
53. 正在启动 xinetd： [确定]
54.
55. [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
56. Stopping cobbler daemon: [确定]
57. Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]
58. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler check
59. The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
60.
61. 1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories # 和debian系统相关，不需要
62. 2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them # fence设备相关，不需要
63. Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
1. 配置DHCP
1. # 修改cobbler的dhcp模版，不要直接修改dhcp本身的配置文件，因为cobbler会覆盖。
2.
3. [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
4. # 仅列出修改过的字段
5. ……
6. subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
7. option routers 10.0.0.2;
8. option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.2;
9. option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
10. range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;
11. ……
5、同步cobbler配置
1. # 同步最新cobbler配置，它会根据配置自动修改dhcp等服务。
2. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync # 同步所有配置，可以仔细看一下sync做了什么。
3. task started: 2015-12-03_204822_sync
4. task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Dec 3 20:48:22 2015)
5. running pre-sync triggers
6. cleaning trees
7. removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
8. removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
9. copying bootloaders
10. trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
11. copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
12. trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
13. trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
14. trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
15. trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
16. trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
17. copying distros to tftpboot
18. copying images
19. generating PXE configuration files
20. generating PXE menu structure
21. rendering DHCP files
22. generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
23. rendering TFTPD files
24. generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
25. cleaning link caches
26. running post-sync triggers
27. running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
28. running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
29. running: dhcpd -t -q
30. received on stdout:
31. received on stderr:
32. running: service dhcpd restart
33. received on stdout: 关闭 dhcpd：[确定]
34. 正在启动 dhcpd：[确定]
35.
36. received on stderr:
37. running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
38. running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
39. running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
40. running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
41. *** TASK COMPLETE ***
42.
43. # 再看一下dhcp的配置文件。
44. [root@linux-node1 ~]# less /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
45. # ******************************************************************
46. # Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file
47. # generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Thu Dec 3 12:48:23 2015)
48. # Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes
49. # in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be
50. # overwritten.
51. # ******************************************************************
52.
53. ddns-update-style interim;
54. …………
6、开机启动
1. # 启动相关服务并设置开机启动(可选) 与第二种方法二选一
2. chkconfig httpd on
3. chkconfig xinetd on
4. chkconfig cobblerd on
5. chkconfig dhcpd on
6. /etc/init.d/httpd restart
7. /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
8. /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
9. /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart
1. 编写Cobbler相关服务启动脚本(可选)
2. cat >>/etc/init.d/cobbler<
7、Cobbler的命令行管理导入镜像
1. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler
2. usage
3. =====
4. cobbler ...
5. [add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]
6. cobbler [options|--help]
7. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --help # 导入镜像
8. Usage: cobbler [options]
9.
10. Options:
11. -h, --help show this help message and exit
12. --arch=ARCH OS architecture being imported
13. --breed=BREED the breed being imported
14. --os-version=OS_VERSION
15. the version being imported
16. --path=PATH local path or rsync location
17. --name=NAME name, ex 'RHEL-5'
18. --available-as=AVAILABLE_AS
19. tree is here, don't mirror
20. --kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE
21. assign this kickstart file
22. --rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS
23. pass additional flags to rsync
24.
25. cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
26. cobbler list 列出所有的cobbler元素
27. cobbler report 列出元素的详细信息
28. cobbler sync 同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
29. cobbler reposync 同步yum仓库
30. cobbler distro 查看导入的发行版系统信息
31. cobbler system 查看添加的系统信息
32. cobbler profile 查看配置信息
1. 导入镜像
1. [root@linux-node1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ # 挂载CentOS7的系统镜像。
2. # 导入系统镜像
3. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
4. # --path 镜像路径
5. # --name 为安装源定义一个名字
6. # --arch 指定安装源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64
7. # 安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7.1-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败。
8.
9. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro list # 查看镜像列表
10. CentOS-7.1-x86_64
11.
12. # 镜像存放目录，cobbler会将镜像中的所有安装文件拷贝到本地一份，放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror下的CentOS-7.1-x86_64目录下。因此/var/www/cobbler目录必须具有足够容纳安装文件的空间。
13. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
14. [root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# ls
15. CentOS-7.1-x86_64 config
16. [root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# ls CentOS-7.1-x86_64/
17. CentOS_BuildTag GPL LiveOS RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
18. EFI images Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
19. EULA isolinux repodata TRANS.TBL
1. 指定ks.cfg文件及调整内核参数
查看默认配置
1. # Cobbler的ks.cfg文件存放位置
2. [root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
3. [root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# ls # 自带很多
4. default.ks install_profiles sample_autoyast.xml sample_esxi4.ks sample_old.seed
5. esxi4-ks.cfg legacy.ks sample_end.ks（默认使用的ks文件） sample_esxi5.ks sample.seed
6. esxi5-ks.cfg pxerescue.ks sample_esx4.ks sample.ks
上传自定义的ks文件
1. [root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# rz # 上传准备好的ks文件
2. rz waiting to receive.
3. Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
4. Transferring Cobbler-CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg...
5. 100% 1 KB 1 KB/sec 00:00:01 0 Errors
6.
7. [root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# mv Cobbler-CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
8.
9. # 在第一次导入系统镜像后，Cobbler会给镜像指定一个默认的kickstart自动安装文件在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts下的sample_end.ks。
查看导入镜像设置及同步
1. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler list
2. distros:
3. CentOS-7.1-x86_64
4.
5. profiles:
6. CentOS-7.1-x86_64
7.
8. systems:
9.
10. repos:
11.
12. images:
13.
14. mgmtclasses:
15.
16. packages:
17.
18. files:
19.
20. # 查看安装镜像文件信息
21. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64
22. Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
23. Architecture : x86_64
24. TFTP Boot Files : {}
25. Breed : redhat
26. Comment :
27. Fetchable Files : {}
28. Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
29. Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
30. Kernel Options : {}
31. Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
32. Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7.1-x86_64'}
33. Management Classes : []
34. OS Version : rhel7
35. Owners : ['admin']
36. Red Hat Management Key : <>
37. Red Hat Management Server : <>
38. Template Files : {}
39.
40. # 查看所有的profile设置
41. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report
42.
43. # 查看指定的profile设置
44. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64
45. Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
46. TFTP Boot Files : {}
47. Comment :
48. DHCP Tag : default
49. Distribution : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
50. Enable gPXE? : 0
51. Enable PXE Menu? : 1
52. Fetchable Files : {}
53. Kernel Options : {}
54. Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
55. Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks -->默认ks文件
56. Kickstart Metadata : {}
57. Management Classes : []
58. Management Parameters : <>
59. Name Servers : []
60. Name Servers Search Path : []
61. Owners : ['admin']
62. Parent Profile :
63. Internal proxy :
64. Red Hat Management Key : <>
65. Red Hat Management Server : <>
66. Repos : []
67. Server Override : <>
68. Template Files : {}
69. Virt Auto Boot : 1
70. Virt Bridge : xenbr0
71. Virt CPUs : 1
72. Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
73. Virt File Size(GB) : 5
74. Virt Path :
75. Virt RAM (MB) : 512
76. Virt Type : kvm
77.
78. # 编辑profile，修改关联的ks文件
79. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
80.
81. # 修改安装系统的内核参数，在CentOS7系统有一个地方变了，就是网卡名变成eno16777736这种形式，但是为了运维标准化，我们需要将它变成我们常用的eth0，因此使用下面的参数。但要注意是CentOS7才需要下面的步骤，CentOS6不需要。
82. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
83.
84. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report CentOS-7.1-x86_64
85. Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
86. TFTP Boot Files : {}
87. Comment :
88. DHCP Tag : default
89. Distribution : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
90. Enable gPXE? : 0
91. Enable PXE Menu? : 1
92. Fetchable Files : {}
93. Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
94. Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
95. Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
96. Kickstart Metadata : {}
97. Management Classes : []
98. Management Parameters : <>
99. Name Servers : []
100. Name Servers Search Path : []
101. Owners : ['admin']
102. Parent Profile :
103. Internal proxy :
104. Red Hat Management Key : <>
105. Red Hat Management Server : <>
106. Repos : []
107. Server Override : <>
108. Template Files : {}
109. Virt Auto Boot : 1
110. Virt Bridge : xenbr0
111. Virt CPUs : 1
112. Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
113. Virt File Size(GB) : 5
114. Virt Path :
115. Virt RAM (MB) : 512
116. Virt Type : kvm
117.
118. # 每次修改完都要同步一次
119. [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync
1. 安装系统
新建一台虚拟机，不解释，开机就可以看到下面的图片
- #修改Cobbler提示
- [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
- MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.zyops.com 可以修改成自己的网站
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync # 修改配置都要同步
拓展
ks.cfg文件解析
- [root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# cat CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
-
Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7.1 by yao zhang
- install
- url --url=$tree # 这些$开头的变量都是调用配置文件里的值。
- text
- lang en_US.UTF-8
- keyboard us
- zerombr
- bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
-
Network information
- $SNIPPET('network_config')
- timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
- authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
- rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
- clearpart --all --initlabel
- part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 # CentOS7系统磁盘默认格式xfs
- part swap --size 1024
- part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow
- firstboot --disable
- selinux --disabled
- firewall --disabled
- logging --level=info
- reboot
- %pre
- $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
- $SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
- $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
-
Enable installation monitoring
- $SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
- %end
- %packages
- @base
- @compat-libraries
- @debugging
- @development
- tree
- nmap
- sysstat
- lrzsz
- dos2unix
- telnet
- iptraf
- ncurses-devel
- openssl-devel
- zlib-devel
- OpenIPMI-tools
- screen
- %end
- %post
- systemctl disable postfix.service
- %end
定制化安装
指定某台服务器使用指定ks文件
分一台服务器的最简单的方法就是物理MAC地址。
物理服务器的MAC地址在服务器上的标签上写了。
虚拟机的MAC查看
- cobbler system add --name=oldboy --mac=00:0C:29:30:07:75--profile=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --ip-address=10.0.0.100--subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=10.0.0.100 --interface=eth0 --static=1 --hostname=oldboy.example.com --name-servers="114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8"
- #--name 自定义，但不能重复
- #查看定义的列表
- [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler system list
- Wbe01 （主机名）
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync
下次在开机或重启就会自动安装了
Cobbler的Web管理界面的安装与配置
已经安装cobbler-web软件的环境下。
访问网址：http://10.0.0.100/cobbler_web和https://10.0.0.100/cobbler_web
默认用户名：cobbler
默认密码 ：cobbler
- /etc/cobbler/users.conf # Web服务授权配置文件
- /etc/cobbler/users.digest # 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件
- [root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest
- cobbler:Cobbler:a2d6bae81669d707b72c0bd9806e01f3
- #设置Cobbler web用户登陆密码
- #在Cobbler组添加cobbler用户，提示输入2遍密码确认
- [root@linux-node1 ~]# htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler
- Changing password for user cobbler in realm Cobbler
- New password: 123456
- Re-type new password:123456
- [root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync
- [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
- 停止 httpd： [确定]
- 正在启动 httpd： [确定]
- [root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
- Stopping cobbler daemon: [确定]
- Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]
以后就需要用123456这个密码登录了。
温馨提示：安装的系统内存要2G以上哦
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