这篇文章主要介绍“安装Postgresql12.1的详细步骤”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在安装Postgresql12.1的详细步骤问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”安装Postgresql12.1的详细步骤”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！
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1、上传安装包
# cd /usr/src
# rz
# tar -zxvf postgresql-12.1.tar.gz
# rm -rf postgresql-12.1.tar.gz
2、添加第三方插件
下载地址：
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/contrib.html
# cd /usr/src/postgresql-12.1/contrib/
# rz
# unzip zhparser-master.zip
# rm -rf zhparser-master.zip
3、安装postgresql依赖库
# sudo apt-get install -y gcc libreadline-dev zlib1g zlib1g.dev make
4、安装
# cd /usr/src/postgresql-12.1/
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/pgsql12.1/ --with-wal-blocksize=32 --with-blocksize=32
# make world
# make install-world
5、添加用户配置环境变量
# useradd postgres -m
# passwd postgres
# su - postgres
$ vi ~/.profile
export PGPORT=8899
export PGDATA=/home/postgres/pgsql12.1/pg_root
export LANG=en_US.utf8
export PGHOME=/opt/pgsql12.1/
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export DATE=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:.
export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH
export PGUSER=postgres
export PGHOST=$PGDATA
alias rm='rm -i'
alias ll='ls -lh'
export PGDATABASE=center
$ exit
# reboot 或者 source ~/.profile
# usermod -s /bin/bash postgres
# su - postgres
$ mkdir -p /home/postgres/pgsql12.1/pg_root
$ initdb -D $PGDATA -E UTF8 --locale=C -U postgres -W
# 这里需要输入两次密码
6、修改内核参数
$ su - root
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 50100 64128000 50100 1280
fs.file-max = 7672460
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# sysctl -p
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 131072
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 131072
* hard nproc 131072
* soft core unlimited
* hard core unlimited
* soft memlock 50000000
* hard memlock 50000000
7、关闭防火墙
# sudo ufw status verbose
Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed)
New profiles: skip
# sudo ufw disable
Firewall stopped and disabled on system startup
# sudo ufw status verbose
Status: inactive
8、配置pg_hba.conf
$ cd $PGDATA
$ vi pg_hba.conf
添加允许访问的IP段
host all all 192.168.0.0/16 md5
host all all 10.10.0.0/16 md5
9、配置 postgresql.conf
listen_addresses = '0.0.0.0'
port = 7788
max_connections = 100
superuser_reserved_connections = 13
unix_socket_directories = '.'
unix_socket_permissions = 0700
tcp_keepalives_idle = 60
tcp_keepalives_interval = 10
tcp_keepalives_count = 10
shared_buffers = 128MB
vacuum_cost_delay = 10
bgwriter_delay = 10ms
wal_writer_delay = 10ms
log_destination = 'csvlog'
logging_collector = on
log_directory = 'pg_log'
log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'
log_file_mode = 0600
log_truncate_on_rotation = on
log_rotation_age = 1d
log_rotation_size = 10MB
log_checkpoints = on
log_connections = on
log_disconnections = on
log_error_verbosity = verbose
log_timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
10、启动数据库
$ pg_ctl start [-d $PGDATA]
11、进入数据库
$ psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 7788 -U postgres postgres
12、停止数据库
$ pg_ctl stop [-m fast|smart|immediate][-d $PGDATA]
13、安装Pgadmin
# sudo apt update -y && sudo apt upgrade -y
# sudo apt-get install -y pgadmin4 pgadmin4-apache2
访问：http://ip:端口/pgadmin4/
到此，关于“安装Postgresql12.1的详细步骤”的学习就结束了，希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习，快去试试吧！若想继续学习更多相关知识，请继续关注创新互联-成都网站建设公司网站，小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章！
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